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GUIDE FOR ORGANIZING A CITIZEN'S ASSEMBLY

Introduction to organizing a civil assembly

The guide in front of you is a useful tool for any institution, organization or local group of citizens interested in organizing citizens' assemblies.

We are witnessing that the dominant democratic decision-making models are not so democratic, so new and alternative democratic practices were born over time, and some of them entered institutions in Europe. Citizen assemblies are one of those formats.

We will present civil assemblies through the topic of urban planning, we will show how they function, how they are organized and how to achieve relevant results.

Introduction

Steps

First

01
Why do we need civil assemblies?

The basic position from which everyone tries to improve democratic procedures starts is that in the making of political decisions (from the urban plan to the law) all those who are affected by that decision should participate.

Citizens' assemblies represent a clearly structured model of achieving a higher level of democratic decision-making and involving citizens in political decisions that directly affect their lives, that is, they deal with issues of public importance.

They use the method deliberations which implies more active involvement of the public in decision-making, enabling them to exchange arguments among themselves and with other experts, representatives of institutions and decision-makers, listen to different perspectives and shape solutions together.

This model is derived from several assumptions:

1.

If they are comprehensively and timely informed, citizens have the capacity to propose and participate in decision-making regarding issues that concern their everyday life, neighborhood, city.

2.

If through inclusive and equal discussion rationally exchange arguments and different positions on a certain topic, participants reconsider their positions, develop a greater understanding of different positions and experiences and common they come up with proposals that are in the interest of the entire community.

3.

Given that relevant experts and decision-makers also support the discussion, the final propositions represent more legitimate and better solutions o those brought in traditional formats of participation (surveys, consultations, comments, etc.)

02
What are the stages of a civil assembly?

Depending on the complexity of the issue, i.e. the topic of the civil assembly, as well as the available resources, civil assemblies have several stages:

Phase I

Information

Phase II

Deliberative

intermediate phase

Support from institutions and decision makers

Phase III

Proposal revision

Phase IV

Voting for final proposals

After citizens are fully informed about all important aspects of the topic, citizen assemblies are realized through work in smaller moderated discussion groups, as well as plenary discussions in which relevant experts, representatives of institutions and decision makers participate.

03
How to organize a civil assembly

We can help you with that!

The Ministry of Space collective is itself researched the potential of the civil assembly model in the field of urban planning.

Believing that this model can really help us systematically contribute to the democratization of urban development, we want to support all other initiatives, organizations and institutions that want to explore such formats in their own decision-making system or fight for a voice in the planning and development of a certain part or the entire city.

We can support you in several ways:

1 Consulting support

With knowledge based on numerous trainings and educations, as well as concrete experience in the implementation of such formats, we can design the concept and steps in the implementation of the civil assembly in your context.

2 Coordinating support in some segment of the process

If you already have a developed concept, but you lack knowledge in the specific aspect of preparation and implementation of this format, we can take over the coordination and responsibility for the realization of certain segments of the entire process.

3 Partnership

If you believe that joint work and shared responsibility for the preparation and implementation of such a format, or exchange of insights and experience of previously implemented such or similar models of citizen involvement, we are very open to any type of partnership.

If you want to organize a civil assembly from this or another nearby area, we can support you, because the methodology of civil assemblies is universal, regardless of the topic it deals with.

If you are interested in cooperation, write to us by e-mail info@ministarstvoprostora.org

Steps for organizing a civil assembly

In the entire process of organizing a civil assembly, it is necessary to map clear steps that lead to its successful realization and purposeful results. In order to better illustrate the preparation and organization, all the steps of this process are presented below with an example urban planning.

Introduction

Steps

First

01
Selection of topic and participants

Selection of urban plan

By choosing an urban plan and analyzing its content, as well as the surrounding context, a clear impression of the plan's shortcomings and possible topics for discussion is gained. The structure of the assembly, participants, goals and expected results of the assembly may vary depending on the stage of development of the plan.

Mapping potential topics

Topic mapping involves researching what has been communicated through the media or social networks regarding the plan. It will directly suggest potential topics of the plan that would be interesting or useful to process through the assembly, but also groups of actors who might be interested in participating.

Recruitment of citizens as participants in the assembly

The ideal sample for citizens' assemblies is a random sample, that is, a small group of people in which we have representatives of different population groups (young people, elderly people, women and men, parents of small children, different nationalities (if applicable), people with disabilities, etc.). However, since it is not always possible to achieve this standard, it is extremely important to make an effort that diversity i representativeness be represented as much as possible as selection criteria.

Public sector representatives

They can have multiple roles in the civil assembly process. On the one hand, and in the best case, they can be a partner in this process. This means that they recognize the citizens' assembly as a part of the decision-making process and that they undertake to consider the recommendations and proposals of citizens that come from the assembly.

On the other hand, it also implies that they participate in the key steps of preparing the assembly. This can contribute to the quality of the process (through the provision of public resources for the realization of the assembly), but also to the legitimacy of the entire process, and to the motivation of all participants in the process.

If partnership is not possible, it is desirable that decision-makers and representatives of political actors and institutions meet "at the table" with citizens, that is, to participate in the citizens' assembly and present the institutional perspective of a certain plan or problem.

What is crucial in their approach to discussions is that representatives of the public sector are not there to "explain" to the citizens what the plan or document will look like, but to come up with a more legitimate and better planning solution together with the citizens.

Hiring independent experts from relevant fields

Experts represent key stakeholders in group and/or plenary sessions by helping citizens to more clearly define their needs and comments and answering their questions. If there are conflicting arguments on a given topic within the professional public, it would be ideal to have both representatives as participants.

Hiring professional moderators and preparation of guides for moderation

Moderators represent participants who lead plenary and group sessions at the event itself. They allow every opinion and comment from citizens to be heard and recorded, and it does not happen that the space is usurped by individuals.

With the moderators, the concept and agenda of the civil assembly are previously reviewed, and together with them, a guide for moderation is drawn up, on which topics and issues it is necessary to focus, in order to achieve the objectives of the assembly. It is extremely important that, when choosing relevant topics for the data assembly, the goals should also be formulated. This means that every discussion within the process must have clear desired results and their form (for example, the goal of the discussion may be to jointly come to a proposal for the arrangement of the central square in the city or to formulate the principles of distribution of different forms of greenery in the territory of the plan). These results are an integral part of the moderation guide and must be clearly communicated to all participants in the process.

02
Information and logistics

03
Consideration of proposals

Deliberation takes place in shifts group and plenary discussion.

Group discussions they usually take place in groups of 8-10 citizens, which can be moderated or self-moderated, and aim to exchange wishes and experiences among citizens, as well as formulating the first proposals that are further checked in plenary sessions.

Plenary discussions include all participants of the civil assembly (citizens, experts, representatives of public institutions and decision-makers). In the plenary sessions, citizens check their proposals from the discussion groups with the aim of obtaining additional information that would help the final formulation of the proposals, what changes they would make and how they can strengthen their proposals. After the plenary sessions, usually the citizens return to the groups and revise their proposals according to the comments made.

04
Monitoring results

1 Summarizing and systematizing results

The results obtained from the citizens' assemblies are the basis for formulating comments and proposals on planning solutions or strategic documents.

Given that the results often come out in "raw" form, they need to be systematized into sets of clear and concrete recommendations/remarks and suggestions. Experts who participated in the forum can be invited to contribute in this step as well.

Systematized proposals can be sent during the early and public inspection of the subject plan, or during the public discussion, if it is a legal or strategic document. It is desirable that the citizens, as the bearers of the process, be informed about all the steps after the assembly.

2 Evaluation

As with all experimental practices, one of the key steps is reflection on the extent to which the civil assembly achieved the desired goals. This process should also ideally involve all congregation participants equally.

Depending on the capacity of the organizer, but also on the real circumstances, the evaluation can be conducted in writing (through short questionnaires) or orally (at the end of the process or at a subsequent meeting). It is important to analyze all the steps mentioned above and thus map what needs to be improved or completely changed in the next attempts, and what seems to have given good results.

3 What after?

After the end of the citizens' assembly, it is desirable to stay in contact with the citizens. Together with them, the results obtained from the forum can be advocated before the decision-makers and outside the formal possibilities of objection. Also, cooperation can be deepened and future joint actions and events can be initiated.

First
applications
this and similar ones
model
in Europe

Formats of public participation in political decision-making, based on a deliberative approach, can be numerous: from civic assemblies [citizens' assembly], citizens' jury, citizens' council, to deliberative polls [deliberative poll], etc. Some of the cities integrated this and similar mechanisms into their institutional and regulatory framework, while others applied them to individual situations. Here are just some examples that can open a wider research on the practice of deliberation in the field of city development.

Introduction

Steps

First

01
Italy

Tuscany introduced the Law on the Introduction of Participatory Processes in the Formulation of Regional and Local Policies

Tuscany is perhaps the most frequently mentioned example of the institutionalization of deliberative democracy, due to the fact that it formally initiated a public policy that systematically promotes deliberative processes in 2007 (Law 69/07), determining "rules for the promotion of participation in the formulation of regional and local policies". The content of the law itself is the result of the deliberative process. A special regional budget was established to finance the deliberative mechanisms of participation. In addition, a separate, independent (albeit one-member) body (Autorità Per la Partecipazione) was established, which has the role of providing methodological advice, deciding on the financing of participatory processes and evaluating the various steps within the process.

With this law, Tuscany really became a kind of democratic "laboratory" because for the first time the principles of deliberative democracy were transposed into a regulatory document (such as how the term dialogue is defined or how the phase of information or inclusion is insisted), while guaranteeing that the administration covers the costs of developing various innovative tools in dialogue and discussions, as well as various impartial commissions that oversee the deliberation processes.

Applying this law, in the period between 2007 and 2012, out of 220 initiatives that were considered, 116 of them were financed, mainly in the field of urban renewal, urban planning, participatory budgeting, but also in the field of social policies and environmental protection policies. Later, in 2013, Law no. 69 was replaced by a new one (No. 259), which imposes the obligation of public deliberation for all infrastructure projects that exceed a certain level of costs, and transforms the previously determined body into a committee of three experts.

02
Francuska

The city of Grenoble became known for its participatory budgeting initiative

Grenoble became known for its participatory budgeting initiative (in the year 2022-2023, this process was held for the eighth time). This initiative allows the public to directly influence the allocation of a portion of the city budget, giving the opportunity to choose the projects to be financed.

A key part of this process is deliberation among citizens. Every year, citizens are invited to propose projects and ideas to improve their neighborhoods. After a number of proposals are collected, public meetings and workshops are organized where citizens discuss and vote for projects that will be financed from the budget.

An important insight from this practice is that the projects selected through participatory budgeting are often focused on improving public services, creating space for joint activities and improving the quality of life in the neighborhoods, confirming that citizens are certainly capable of thinking and acting in the general interest (and not only their own particular interest, which is often, albeit unfoundedly, used as an argument against more intensive development of public participation mechanisms). Also, the deliberative approach contributed to greater public trust in city institutions and budgeting processes, while decisions became better aligned with the real needs of the community.

 

03
Great Britain

The municipality of Newham organizes civic assemblies

With over 300.000 inhabitants, Newham is one of the largest and most diverse parts of London. Over the last few years, the administration of this municipality has established a special team that deals with resident engagement and participation [Resident Engagement and Participation Team]. Through this team, the municipality launched several projects for the inclusion of the community in urban planning, and recently started with community assemblies, that is, smaller civil assemblies that aim to identify priority areas in the development of the municipality.

The administration of Newham decided to include in the citizens' assembly everyone who lives, works or studies in the territory of the municipality, thereby fulfilling the assumption that everyone who will be affected by a certain decision (in this case, the one about the development of a certain territory) must be included in the decision-making process. Working groups of citizens, councilors and local stakeholders were also formed, who used their knowledge to oversee the assembly process and ensure that the community's needs were truly addressed. The entire procession had 4 phases, i.e. 4 assemblies, each of which had a specific goal and result (determination of priorities, concrete proposals for interventions, discussion on the implementation of interventions, discussion on the final results of the interventions and the participation process itself), while voting and information on the progress of the voted interventions was carried out between the assemblies. In addition to these four assemblies, working groups met more frequently, once a month, to take a closer look at the results of each of the assemblies and report regularly on the entire process.

Through the civic assembly, 82 projects (about 10 per neighborhood) were selected and are in various stages of implementation, such as community gardens, greenways, youth programs, community safety initiatives and temporary markets. All the time of the process, all elements were questioned, some of them were changed, as is the case with all experimental processes. However, it is important to note that the administration, in addition to institutional and human resources (a team dedicated to the development of public participation), also determined sufficient financial resources for the deliberation process, and then for the implementation of the voted interventions. These factors strongly influence the motivation of participants, ensuring real effects of participation, improving long-term trust in institutions and political processes.

04
Spain

Barcelona became famous for the Superblocks initiative, which represents an example of joint planning and reorganization of the city structure

Barcelona became famous for its Superblocks initiative, which represents an example of joint planning and reorganization of the existing city structure, in order to return public spaces to citizens (at the expense of vehicles).

As part of the Let's fill the streets with life program. Establishing the Suberblok model in Barcelona [Let's fill the streets with life program. The establishment of the Superblock Model in Barcelona], the special focus is on empowering citizens through their participation in shaping Superblocks and shared responsibility for the development of the city. Deliberative formats represent an important element of this process. Citizens are invited to give their input and participate in defining the future of their neighborhoods at each of the decision-making stages. First of all, the first phase of participation referred to the discussion and articulation of problems and needs (this was done at the level of an individual block). After that, a team of experts gathered in the so-called The technical secretariat of the Suberblok program determined the initial proposals for potential interventions, harmonizing the proposed requirements in the first phase of participation with the technical conditions and frameworks. The second phase gathered the local public in order to question the proposed interventions and further elaborate together with citizens, experts and representatives of the city administration, formulating a final proposal through consensus. After that, another round of participatory sessions is organized to elaborate the details of the final proposal and prioritize the interventions within it. For each block that will potentially be redeveloped, there is a special group, a kind of mediator between the local population and the technical team, which deals with these processes and supervises their implementation.

This project also represents an important step in the institutionalization and expansion of the application of such participation models to other aspects of the urban development of Barcelona. In addition, accompanying documents clarifying the methodology of the process, as well as the superblock concept itself and its effects on the quality of life in the city, also, as in the case of London, emphasize the importance of constant monitoring, evaluation and improvement of all elements of the process of citizen participation in decision-making.

What can we learn from these examples?

Such practices, regardless of whether they are implemented through institutions or targeted for individual cases, allow the public to more directly influence decision-making processes and the decisions themselves, increase transparency and accountability, lead to better and more sustainable solutions and strengthen democratic culture. Deliberative democracy is therefore an important factor in shaping cities that truly reflect the full range of public needs.

Through the previous examples, we see how this approach can bring positive changes to urban development. However, there is no doubt that at the same time there is also a lively debate about the challenges that such mechanisms entail - from achieving the desired level of inclusivity, through human and financial resources and the support required for the consistent application of such processes, to harmonization with existing legal and institutional frameworks. That is why it is important to leave open the possibility of constant evaluation, questioning and improvement of all participation mechanisms, but also to allow such approaches to show their long-term effects on the political context and culture.